Initially, the only buffering agent used was air due to the strong difference in surface tension compared to water. Air, is, however, easily and quickly reabsorbed not promoting healing of the eyeball after vitrectomy surgery, so other nontoxic gaseous substances have been studied that can remain in the eye for a longer time.
Fluorinated compounds such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), or perfluorocarbons such as perfluoromethane (CF4), perfluoroethane (C2F6) and perfluoropropane (C3F8) were selected.
MicroC3F8 (pure or mixed) is a class IIB implantable medical device. It is a high molecular weight gas used in vitrectomy, ab-external surgery, and pneumatic retinopexy. The product is intended to replace the vitreous humor and has a residence time in the eye of 7-8 weeks.
The device should be used in a sterile field, only by ophthalmologists experienced in vitreo-retinal surgery.
The MicroC3F8 is inserted into a compact bubble at the end of the vitrectomy procedure after a fluid exchange with air. The gases contained in the intraocular bubble go into solution with the fluids adjacent to it and leave the eye over time, diffusing into the bloodstream. In contrast, gases contained in the blood stream enter the bubble regulated by the partial pressure of each gas in its environment.
Then nitrogen and other air components diffuse toward the bubble containing C3F8, while C3F8 will diffuse toward the blood.
Crucial is the speed of diffusion; while C3F8 will slowly exit the eye, the faster the nitrogen dissolved in the blood will enter the bubble as C3F8 has a molecular weight 5 times greater than nitrogen. This results in an expansion of the gas bubble in the eye by acquisition of nitrogen from the blood, up to a maximum beyond which, the nitrogen pressure now being equal to that of the blood, it can only be reabsorbed. This behavior allows the bubble to remain longer in the eye, but with the drawback that it can cause hypertone. The introduction of a bubble of gas mixed with nitrogen reduces the diffusion rate of nitrogen, preventing hypertone.
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